Fiber Optic Cables - In Computer Networking

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EP. 04 |  What  is  OSI MODEL ?

                   

Fiber Optic Cables:-

Fiber optic cable is a fast information transmission medium. Fiber optic cables carry communication signals using pulses of light generated by small lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs). 

Fiber Optic Cables

It contains minor glass or plastic fibers, which carry light beams and the coating helps preserve the fibers from heat, cold, electromagnetic delay from distinct types of wiring, as readily as some protection from ultraviolet rays from the sun. 

Fiber optics manages for an essentially faster data transmission than standard copper wires.  And the fiber optic cables bandwidth is much higher than other cables.

Fiber Optic Cables

Advantages of Fiber optic Cables

1. Fiber cables offer several advantages over traditional long-distance copper cabling.
2. Fiber optics have a higher capacity. The amount of network bandwidth a fiber cable can carry easily exceeds that of a copper cable with similar thickness. Fiber cables rated at 10 Gbps, 40 Gbps and even 100 Gbps are standard. Since light can travel much longer distances down a fiber cable without losing its strength, it lessons the need for signal boosters.
3. Fiber is less susceptible to Interface. A traditional network cable requires special shielding ( like in STP ) to protect it from electromagnetic interference when many cables are strung together in close proximity to each other. The physical properties of glass and fiber cables avoid most of these issues.

There are two types of Fiber optic cables they are:

1. Single mode Fiber Optic Cable
2. Multi-mode Fiber Optic cable

Also Read Relevant Articles:- 
 Coaxial Cables - Transmission Media in Networking | Computer Networking Course

What is Twisted Pair Cable? | Twisted Pair Cable Advantages and Disadvantages

Fiber Optic Cables

The table below describes the differences between single mode and multi-mode fiber optic cables. 

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	Single Mode Fiber Optic Cable	Multi-mode Fiber Optic Cable

Uses	WAN and MAN	LAN, SAN
System cost (Transmission Equipment cost - SMF = expensive (uses Laser Diodes) Transmission Equipment cost - MMF = comparatively cheaper ( uses LED )	Higher	Lower
	Higher Loss, Lower Bandwidth	Lower Loss, Higher bandwidth
Installation cost	Higher	Lower
Connector Cost	Higher	Lower
Sources cost	Higher	Lower
Distance	60kms	Upto 2kms

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Comparing Transmission media          Bandwidth and application differences, between copper, twisted pair and Fiber cabling:-

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Type	Fiber Optic Cabling	Twisted Pair Cabling	Coaxial Cabling
Type Bandwidth	< 10 GHz	< 100 MHz	< 1 Ghz
Typical Use	Data communication  Broadcast	Structured wiring in  LAN	Cable TV/Broadcast  Test and  instrumentation
Benefits	Most bandwidth. Fastest transmission speeds. Immune to EMI/RFI	Inexpensive, relatively easy to install and terminate	Inexpensive, relatively easy to install and terminate. Can span longer distances than UTP
Limitations	Difficult to terminate. Most expensive cost/foot.	Maximum distance of 100m. Can be affected by EMI/RFI.	Can be affected by EMI/RFI

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